It was both his duty to punish offenses and stop them from being committed. He could condemn people to death without the right of appeal. The King of France concentrated legislative, executive, and judicial powers in his person. This policy also had the effect of separating nobles from their feudal armies. One theory is that that he built the opulent palace of Versailles and only gave preferment nobles who lived near it to gather nobility in Paris and to concentrate power as a centralized government. More recently, revisionist historians have questioned whether Louis' reign should be considered 'absolute', given the reality of the balance of power between the monarch and the nobility, as well as parliaments. Although often criticized for his extravagances, such as the Palace of Versailles, he reigned over France for a long period, and some historians consider him a successful absolute monarch. Though this claim is heavily disputed, Louis XIV of France (1638–1715) is often said to have proclaimed L'état, c'est moi!, 'I am the State!'. By the 19th century, divine right was regarded as an obsolete theory in most countries in the Western world, except in Russia where it was still given credence as the official justification for the Tsar's power until February Revolution in 1917. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history.
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The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848.
Charles I's attempt to enforce episcopal polity on the Church of Scotland led to rebellion by the Covenanters and the Bishops' Wars, then fears that Charles I was attempting to establish absolutist government along European lines was a major cause of the English Civil War, despite the fact that he did rule this way for 11 years starting in 1629, after dissolving the Parliament of England for a time. James VI and I and his son Charles I tried to import this principle into Scotland and England. Many European monarchs claimed supreme autocratic power by divine right, and that their subjects had no rights to limit their power. Throughout much of European history, the divine right of kings was the theological justification for absolute monarchy. In the Ottoman Empire, many sultans wielded absolute power through heavenly mandates reflected in their title, the "Shadow of God on Earth". Korea under the Joseon dynasty and short-lived empire was also an absolute monarchy. In pre-Columbian America, the Inca Empire was ruled by a Sapa Inca, who was considered the son of Inti, the sun god and absolute ruler over the people and nation. Throughout Imperial China, many emperors and one empress ( Wu Zetian) wielded absolute power through the Mandate of Heaven. In ancient and medieval India, rulers of the Maratha, Maurya, Satavahana, Gupta, Chola, Mughal, and Chalukya Empires, as well as other major and minor empires, were considered absolute In ancient Mesopotamia, many rulers of Assyria, Babylonia and Sumer were absolute monarchs as well. In Ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh wielded absolute power over the country and was considered a living god by his people. Historical examples of absolute monarchies Outside Europe
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